*** State-Level Exports, 1991-1994 ***





        The files STATE*.ASC contain export data for U.S. states,

by 2-digit SIC codes, for the four years 1991-1994.  These data

include re-exports, so that the total exports over all states match

the totals listed for these years in column 3 of Table 1 (page 4).



        The state-level exports are collected by the U.S. Department

of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, using information provided on the

Shipper’s Export Declaration (SED).  There are two places on this

declaration where geographical information in provided:  (i) in the

2-letter postal service code reported in item 6 of the SED, the

point (state) of origin; (ii) in the 5-digit ZIP code reported in

item 1a of the SED, the name and address of the exporter.  Prior to

1993, the Census used source (i) as a means of determining the state

origin of the exports, though this information does not necessarily

correspond with where the product is manufactured.  In particular,

the export data may not correlate with the "Origin of Exports of Manufactured

Products" publication, which is based on data from the Census Bureau’s

"Annual Survey of Manufactures," conducted by the Bureau’s Industry

Division.  These warnings apply to the state-level data for 1991 and 1992,

which are called the "Origin of Movement (OM)" series by

the Census.



        Effective 1993, the Census began to use source (ii) as a means

of determining the state origin of exports.  It was felt that the ZIP

code data more accurately reflected the physical location of the exporter,

though not necessarily the producer.  Studies by the Census showed that

the ZIP code reported by wholesalers and other intermediaries reflects

their own location and not the location of the manufacturing plant,

farm, or quarry where the merchandise that they exported was made, grown

or mined.  The ZIP code reported by manufacturers, wholesalers and other

intermediaries reflects the location of the plant or establishments that

exported directly to a foreign country, and not the headquarters of the

firm.  The data for 1993 and 1994 included on the CD-ROM reflect this

method for determining state location, and is called the "State Location

of the Exporter (LE)" series by the Census.





Record Layout for STATE*.ASC:



columns 1-2       -    State (2-digit postal code)

columns 2-5       -    SIC code (2-digit)

columns 7-14      -    Name of destination country

columns 16-21     -    Country code

                        United Nations codes are used (see Appendix A)

columns 23-34     -    Value of exports (dollars)

columns 36-37     -    Year





Size:   Each file STATE*.ASC is about 3 megabytes.