U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: 1994 Benchmark Survey, Preliminary Results This publication presents preliminary data on the financial structure and operations of nonbank U.S. parent companies and their nonbank foreign affiliates for the fiscal year 1994. These data supplement those in "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: 1994 Benchmark Survey Results" in the December 1996 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS. That article highlights the preliminary results of the 1994 benchmark survey and presents key items for 1993 and 1994. Benchmark surveys are the most comprehensive surveys, in terms of both coverage of companies and subject matter, of U.S. direct investment abroad conducted by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The 1994 survey covered all foreign affiliates of U.S. direct investors (foreign companies owned 10 percent or more by a U.S. person) that had assets, sales, or net income of more than $3 million. It collected detailed information on the financial structure and overall operations of the foreign affiliates and their U.S. parent companies as well as on transactions and positions between the foreign affiliates and their U.S. parents. The last benchmark survey collected data for 1989. The benchmark data for 1994 in this publication update universe estimates for 1982-93 contained in other BEA publications. (The estimates for all years except 1982 are also available on computer diskette; ordering information for the publications and diskettes is at the back of this publication.) For similar items, the survey data for 1994 are generally comparable to the universe estimates for earlier years, which were either reported in BEA's 1982 and 1989 benchmark surveys or estimated from sample data reported in BEA's annual surveys of U.S. direct investment abroad. Some data presented here--such as U.S. trade in goods by product and by destination or origin, change in property, plant and equipment, and certain types of expenditures for research and development--were collected in previous benchmark surveys but not in the annual surveys for nonbenchmark years. Also, although computed previously and published elsewhere by BEA, gross product of U.S. parents and their majority-owned foreign affiliates (MOFA's) is included in this publication for the first time and will be included in future annual and benchmark survey publications on a regular basis. The estimates of gross product of U.S. parents and MOFA's in this publication (tables II.T.1 and III.K.1 through III.K.6) update estimates for earlier years that appeared in various issues of the SURVEY. In some instances, data items collected separately in the benchmark survey may have been combined with other items in the annual survey. Thus, two or more items that were combined in a table in the annual survey publications may be shown separately in a table in this publication. Table 1 lists the tables in this publication and indicates the comparable tables in the annual survey publications for 1990-93 and in the 1989 benchmark survey publication. Tables prefixed with Roman numeral II present estimates for nonbank foreign affiliates and their nonbank U.S. parents, and tables prefixed with the Roman numeral III present estimates for MOFA's. (Unlike the 1989 and the forthcoming final 1994 benchmark survey publications, Roman numeral I is not used to number tables in this publication because it designates tables covering all foreign affiliates and their U.S. parents, including bank parents and affiliates, which are not covered by this publication.) These preliminary benchmark survey results include estimates of data for reports not received or processed in time for publication, and for items that were not reported or were reported incorrectly. The degree of estimation varies from item to item. In some cases, reporters had difficulty supplying the required information because the data were not easily accessible or were unavailable from their financial accounting records. In particular, data on trade and employment are subject to a higher degree of estimation than other items. Revised results, incorporating data from reports received and processed after publication of these preliminary results, will be published next year. Overall, revisions are expected to be small. However, they could be sizable for some individual countries, industries, or items. The results published here include reported or estimated data for 2,658 nonbank U.S. parents and for 21,300 nonbank foreign affiliates. The U.S. parents are fully consolidated U.S. business enterprises. The number of U.S. parents and foreign affiliates whose data are included in this publication is larger than the number included in the estimates for the past few years. Parents were added to the reporting universe either because they established or acquired foreign affiliates for the first time in 1994 or because they were first identified as parents in the 1994 benchmark survey even though they had foreign affiliates prior to 1994. The latter parents either failed to report in prior annual surveys, or were not required to report because all of their affiliates were below the exemption level of the annual survey. In addition, some affiliates of existing parents were added for the same reasons. Partly offsetting these additions to the reporting universe were a significant number of parents and affiliates that left the universe because they were sold, liquidated, or merged or consolidated with another U.S. parent or foreign affiliate. For some parents and affiliates, this change in status occurred in 1994; for others, it occurred in earlier years but BEA had continued to make estimates for those parents and affiliates since the last benchmark survey because they failed to report, or were not required to report, in the annual surveys. Although incorporation of the new information on the change in status of parents and affiliates between the 1989 and 1994 benchmarks will improve BEA's data for 1994 forward, it has resulted in a discontinuity between 1993 and 1994. BEA is evaluating the extent of the discontinuity and may eventually revise the 1990-93 estimates to correct for it. Until that time, comparisons of the 1994 benchmark survey data with data for earlier years should be made with caution. Because of time and resource constraints, this publication--like the annual survey publications--covers only data on the financial structure and overall operations of nonbank U.S. parents and foreign affiliates. Data collected in the benchmark survey on bank parents and bank affiliates, and on financial transactions and positions between foreign affiliates and their U.S. parents, are not included. Revised 1994 benchmark survey data, to be published next year, will be considerably more detailed than the data in this publication, will cover both bank and nonbank affiliates, and will include data on financial transactions and positions between affiliates and parents as well as on the overall operations of parents and affiliates. The coverage of the nonbank U.S. parent and foreign affiliate data for 1994 differs from that for earlier years because the 1994 data exclude savings institutions and credit unions, whereas the data for earlier years include these businesses. The change in coverage reflects the reclassification of savings institutions and credit unions from the "finance, except banking" industry (which is covered by the nonbank data) to the banking industry. This change will have no material effect on comparisons of the data for 1993 and 1994 because, in 1993, there was only one U.S. parent and no foreign affiliates classified as a savings institution or credit union. The industries shown in this publication differ slightly from those shown in prior annual survey publications. The "communications and public utilities" group was disaggregated and the "metal" and "nonmetallic minerals" mining groups were aggregated in the industry table stub. In addition, two industries changed names, beginning with the revised 1993 annual survey results; the name of the industry "electric and electronic equipment" has been changed to "electronic and other electric equipment" and the name of the industry "machinery, except electrical" has been changed to "industrial machinery and equipment." The only change in the country detail shown is the addition of Brazil and Mexico, and the deletion of Italy and Switzerland, from the country table heading. These changes were made to provide additional detail for industries or countries where U.S. direct investment is growing rapidly. Except as noted, the concepts and definitions underlying the 1994 data in this publication are essentially the same as those used in BEA's 1989 benchmark survey, as described in U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: 1989 Benchmark Survey, Final Results. A full methodology of the 1994 survey will accompany the revised data to be published next year. In some cases, BEA may make special tabulations or perform regressions or other statistical analyses of annual or benchmark survey data at cost, within limits of available resources and subject to the legal requirements to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. However, because of the high degree of detail in which BEA's data are regularly produced and because of concerns about confidentiality, data quality, and consistency of presentation, the Bureau has adopted a policy of generally limiting tabulations to those regularly produced. Data users requiring special tabulations should submit their request, including a justification of need, in writing, and BEA will consider each request on a case-by-case basis. Requests for, or questions about, special tabulations should be directed to: International Investment Division (BE-50), Data Retrieval and Analysis Branch, Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230. For other assistance, contact Ray Mataloni, International Investment Division (BE-50), Research Branch, Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230, or call (202) 606-9867, or send E-mail to raymond.mataloni@bea.doc.gov. List of Tables Nonbank Foreign Affiliates of Nonbank U.S. Parents Selected Data II.A1. Selected Data for Foreign Affiliates in All Countries in Which Investment Was Reported II.A2. Selected Data for Foreign Affiliates and U.S. Parents in All Industries Balance Sheet II.B5. Total Assets of Affiliates, Country by Industry II.B6. Total Assets of Affiliates, Industry by Country II.B15. Total Assets of Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Country Income Statement II.E3. Sales by Affiliates, Country by Industry II.E4. Sales by Affiliates, Industry by Country II.E6. Net Income of Affiliates, Country by Industry II.E7. Net Income of Affiliates, Industry by Country II.E9. Sales by Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Country Employment and Compensation of Employees II.G3. Employment of Affiliates, Country by Industry II.G4. Employment of Affiliates, Industry by Country II.G6. Compensation of Employees of Affiliates, Country by Industry II.G7. Compensation of Employees of Affiliates, Industry by Country II.G11. Employment of Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Country U.S. Trade in Goods II.H5. U.S. Exports of Goods Shipped to Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Industry of Affiliate II.H6. U.S. Exports of Goods Shipped to Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Country of Affiliate II.H22. U.S. Imports of Goods Shipped by Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Industry of Affiliate II.H23. U.S. Imports of Goods Shipped by Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Country of Affiliate Nonbank U.S. Parents Selected Data II.K1. Selected Financial and Operating Data of U.S. Parents, by Industry of U.S. Parent Balance Sheet II.L1-2. Balance Sheet of U.S. Parents, Industry of U.S. Parent by Account Income Statement II.N1. Income Statement of U.S. Parents, Industry of U.S. Parent by Account Sales II.O1. Sales by U.S. Parents, Industry of U.S. Parent by Type and Destination II.O2. Sales by U.S. Parents, Industry of U.S. Parent by Industry of Sales Employment and Compensation of Employees II.P1. Employment and Compensation of Employees of U.S. Parents, Industry of U.S. Parent by Type U.S. Trade in Goods II.Q1. U.S. Exports of Goods Associated With U.S. Parents and Their Foreign Affiliates, by Industry of U.S. Parent II.Q2. U.S. Exports of Goods Associated With U.S. Parents and Their Foreign Affiliates, by Country of Destination II.Q3. U.S. Exports of Goods Shipped by U.S. Parents to Foreigners Other Than Foreign Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Product II.Q4. U.S. Imports of Goods Associated With U.S. Parents and Their Foreign Affiliates, by Industry of U.S. Parent II.Q5. U.S. Imports of Goods Associated With U.S. Parents and Their Foreign Affiliates, by Country of Origin II.Q6. U.S. Imports of Goods Shipped to U.S. Parents by Foreigners Other Than Foreign Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Product Research and Development II.R1. Research and Development Performed by and Funded by U.S. Parents, by Industry of U.S. Parent Gross Product II.T1. Gross Product of U.S. Parents, Industry of U.S. Parent by Component Majority-Owned Nonbank Foreign Affiliates of Nonbank U.S. Parents Selected Data III.A1. Selected Data for Foreign Affiliates in All Countries in Which Investment Was Reported III.A2. Selected Data for Foreign Affiliates and U.S. Parents in All Industries Balance Sheet III.B1-2. Balance Sheet of Affiliates, Country by Account III.B3-4. Balance Sheet of Affiliates, Industry by Account III.B5. Total Assets of Affiliates, Country by Industry III.B6. Total Assets of Affiliates, Industry by Country III.B7. Net Property, Plant, and Equipment of Affiliates, Country by Industry III.B13-14. Balance Sheet of Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Account III.B15. Total Assets of Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Country External Financial Position III.C1. External Financial Position of Affiliates, Selected Industry and Transactor by Account Property, Plant, and Equipment III.D1. Change in Property, Plant, and Equipment of Affiliates, Country by Account III.D2. Change in Property, Plant, and Equipment of Affiliates, Industry by Account III.D3. Change in Property, Plant, and Equipment of Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Account III.D6. Capital Expenditures by Affiliates, Country by Industry Income Statement III.E1. Income Statement of Affiliates, Country by Account III.E2. Income Statement of Affiliates, Industry by Account III.E3. Sales by Affiliates, Country by Industry III.E4. Sales by Affiliates, Industry by Country III.E5. Foreign Income Taxes of Affiliates, Country by Industry III.E6. Net Income of Affiliates, Country by Industry III.E7. Net Income of Affiliates, Industry by Country III.E8. Income Statement of Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Account III.E9. Sales by Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Country Sales III.F1. Sales by Affiliates, Selected Area and Industry of Affiliate and Type of Sale by Destination and Transactor III.F2. Sales by Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Destination III.F3. Sales by Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Destination III.F4. Sales by Affiliates to the United States, Country of Affiliate by Industry of Affiliate III.F7. Local Sales by Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Industry of Affiliate III.F8. Sales by Affiliates to Foreign Countries Other Than the Host Country, Country of Affiliate by Industry of Affiliate III.F9. Sales by Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Destination III.F10. Sales by Affiliates to Foreign Countries Other Than the Host Country, Selected Industry and Country of Affiliate by Country of Destination III.F13. Sales of Goods by Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Destination III.F14. Sales of Goods by Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Destination III.F16. Sales of Goods by Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Country of Affiliate III.F17. Sales of Services by Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Destination III.F18. Sales of Services by Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Destination III.F20. Sales of Services by Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Country of Affiliate III.F22. Sales of Services by Affiliates to Foreigners, Industry of Affiliate by Country of Affiliate III.F24. Sales by Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Industry of Sales Employment and Compensation of Employees III.G1. Employment and Compensation of Employees of Affiliates, Country by Type III.G2. Employment and Compensation of Employees of Affiliates, Industry by Type III.G3. Employment of Affiliates, Country by Industry III.G4. Employment of Affiliates, Industry by Country III.G6. Compensation of Employees of Affiliates, Country by Industry III.G7. Compensation of Employees of Affiliates, Industry by Country III.G11. Employment of Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Country U.S. Trade in Goods III.H1. U.S. Trade in Goods With Affiliates, by Country of Affiliate III.H2. U.S. Trade in Goods With Affiliates, by Industry of Affiliate III.H3. U.S. Exports of Goods Shipped to Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Product III.H4. U.S. Exports of Goods Shipped to Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Product III.H5. U.S. Exports of Goods Shipped to Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Industry of Affiliate III.H7. U.S. Exports of Goods Shipped to Affiliates by U.S. Parents, Country of Affiliate by Product III.H9. U.S. Exports of Goods Shipped to Affiliates by U.S. Parents, Country of Affiliate by Industry of Affiliate III.H14. U.S. Exports of Goods Shipped to Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Whom Shipped and Intended Use III.H15. U.S. Exports of Goods Shipped to Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Whom Shipped and Intended Use III.H20. U.S. Imports of Goods Shipped by Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Product III.H21. U.S. Imports of Goods Shipped by Affiliates, Industry of Affiliate by Product III.H22. U.S. Imports of Goods Shipped by Affiliates, Country of Affiliate by Industry of Affiliate III.H24. U.S. Imports of Goods Shipped by Affiliates to U.S. Parents, Country of Affiliate by Product III.H26. U.S. Imports of Goods Shipped by Affiliates to U.S. Parents, Country of Affiliate by Industry of Affiliate Research and Development III.I1. Research and Development Performed by and Funded by Affiliates, by Country III.I2. Research and Development Performed by and Funded by Affiliates, by Industry III.I3. Research and Development Performed by Affiliates, Country by Industry III.I5. Research and Development Performed by and Funded by Affiliates, by Industry of U.S. Parent Gross Product III.K1. Gross Product of Affiliates, Country by Component III.K2. Gross Product of Affiliates, Industry by Component III.K3. Gross Product of Affiliates, Country by Industry III.K4. Gross Product of Affiliates, Industry by Country III.K5. Gross Product of Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Component III.K6. Gross Product of Affiliates, Industry of U.S. Parent by Country TABLES General Notes to Tables  The estimates are on a fiscal year (FY) basis; an affiliate's fiscal year is defined as the financial reporting year that ended in that calendar year. Unless otherwise specified, all balances are as of the close of FY 1994.  Detail may not add to totals because of rounding.  An asterisk "(*)" indicates a value between -$500,000 and +$500,000, or fewer than 50 employees, as appropriate.  A "(D)" indicates that the data in the cell have been suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies.  A "U.S. parent company" is the person, resident in the United States, that owns or controls 10 percent or more of the voting securities of an incorporated foreign business enterprise or an equivalent interest in an unincorporated foreign business enterprise. "Person" is broadly defined to include any individual, branch, partnership, associated group, association, estate, trust, corporation or other organization (whether or not organized under the laws of any State), or any government entity. If incorporated, the U.S. parent is the fully consolidated U.S. enterprise consisting of (1) the U.S. corporation whose voting securities are not owned more than 50 percent by another U.S. corporation, and (2) proceeding down each ownership chain from that U.S. corporation, any U.S. corporation (including Foreign Sales Corporations located within the United States) whose voting securities are more than 50 percent owned by the U.S. corporation above it. A U.S. parent comprises the domestic (U.S.) operations of a U.S. multinational company.  A "foreign affiliate" is a foreign business enterprise in which there is U.S. direct investment, that is, in which a U.S. person owns or controls 10 percent of the voting securities or the equivalent.  A "majority-owned nonbank affiliate" is a foreign affiliate in which the combined direct and indirect ownership interest of all U.S. parents exceeds 50 percent.  The tables cover only nonbank parents and affiliates. Nonbank parents (affiliates) exclude parents (affiliates) classified as depository institutions, which consist of commercial banks, savings institutions, and credit unions.  The name and classification of the industry "finance (except banking), insurance, and real estate" has been changed to "finance (except depository institutions), insurance, and real estate." The classification now excludes savings institutions and credit unions.  The designation "by country" in a table title indicates that data are disaggregated by country of foreign affiliate.  Unless otherwise specified, the designation "by industry" in a table title indicates that the data are disaggregated by industry of foreign affiliate.  For tables that do not show every individual country or industry, the individual countries or industries included in a country or industry group shown in the heading or stub may be found in table II.A 1 or III.A 1 (for countries) or table II.A 2 or III.A 2 (for industries). The industries listed in table II.A 2 and III.A 2 are described in BEA's Guide to Industry and Foreign Trade Classifications for International Surveys.  The country category "international" consists of affiliates that have operations spanning more than one country and that are engaged in petroleum shipping, other water transportation, or oil and gas drilling.  "Eastern Europe" comprises Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.  The European Union (12) comprises Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom.  OPEC is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Its members are Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.  The major industry classification "petroleum" includes all of the various three-digit BEA petroleum subindustries. All other major industries exclude these petroleum subindustries. For example, mining excludes crude petroleum (no refining) and gas; manufacturing excludes petroleum refining and coal products; retail trade excludes gasoline service stations; and wholesale trade excludes petroleum wholesale trade.  All footnotes follow the last table. Footnotes to Tables Table II.K1: 1. Includes capitalized expenditures for land, timber, mineral and like rights owned, structures, machinery, equipment, special tools, and other depreciable property; construction in progress; and capitalized and expensed tangible and intangible exploration and development costs (but not the costs of other types of intangible assets) and land held for resale. 2. Measures expenditures for research and development conducted by the parents, whether for themselves or for others under contract. Excludes expenditures for research and development conducted by others for parents under contract. Table II.L1-2: 1. All marketable securities held by insurance companies are treated as noncurrent; therefore they are excluded from column 4 and included in column 9 in this table. 2. Includes like charges. Table II.N1: 1. Consists of gains (losses), net of income tax effects, resulting from (1) the sale, disposition, or revaluation of assets; (2) the remeasurement of the U.S. parents' foreign-currency-denominated assets and liabilities due to changes in foreign exchange rates during the period; (3) transaction gains (losses) taken to income in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 52; and (4) all other realized and unrealized gains (losses), that under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are to be included in income. 2. Consists of unrealized gains (losses), net of income tax effects, that under GAAP are not included in the determination of net income. Table II.O1: 1. Sales of goods are defined as sales generated by activities characteristic of the following group of industries: Agriculture (except agricultural services), forestry, and fishing; mining, except mining services; petroleum, except petroleum services; construction; manufacturing; and wholesale and retail trade. 2. Sales of services are defined as sales generated by activities characteristic of the following group of industries: The "services" division of the Standard Industrial Classification (and the International Surveys Industry Classification) system; petroleum services; finance, insurance, and real estate; agricultural services; mining services; transportation; communication; and public utilities. 3. Consists of investment income that is included in sales (or gross operating revenues) in the income statement. In finance and insurance, companies generally include investment income in sales because it is generated by a primary activity of the company. In most other industries, companies generally consider investment income an incidental revenue source and include it in the income statement in a separate "other income" category; in such cases, investment income is not included in sales or in this column. Table II.O2: 1. For industry classification, each U.S. parent was required to disaggregate its sales by three-digit International Surveys Industry code; the U.S. parent was then classified in the industry in which its sales were largest. When sales are disaggregated by industry of U.S. parent, total sales of a given U.S. parent are shown in the single industry in which the parent was classified; when disaggregated by industry of sales, they are distributed among all the industries in which the U.S. parent reported sales--i.e., sales associated with each industry of sales are shown in that industry regardless of the U.S. parent's industry of classification. 2. In the breakdown of U.S. parents' sales by industry of sales, only the eight largest sales categories had to be specified. If a given U.S. parent had sales in more than eight industries, the distribution of its sales in the specified industries would have covered less than 100 percent of its total sales. Sales in all unspecified industries combined are shown in this column. Tables II.Q1, II.Q2, II.Q4, and II.Q5: 1. Applies only to U.S. parent companies that are themselves U.S. affiliates of foreign companies. The foreign parent group consists of (1) the foreign parent of a U.S. parent, (2) any foreign person, proceeding up the foreign parent's ownership chain, that owns more than 50 percent of the person below it, and (3) any foreign person, proceeding down the ownership chain(s) of each of these members, that is owned more than 50 percent by the person above it. 2. Does not equal the total in column 3, which is derived from data reported on affiliates' forms, because of differences in timing and valuation and the inclusion of data for affiliates covered on U.S. parents' forms but exempt from being reported on affiliates' forms. Table II.T1: 1. Profit-type return is an economic accounting measure of profits from current production. It is equal to net income plus U.S. income taxes minus income from equity investments minus capital gains (losses) plus depletion. 2. Equals monetary interest payments plus imputed interest paid minus monetary interest receipts minus imputed interest received. Imputed interest paid and received, which are measures of the value of services provided by life insurance carriers and financial intermediaries without explicit payment, are estimated by BEA. 3. Includes production royalty payments to governments. Tables III.B1-2, III.B3-4, and III.B13-14: 1. Comparable to the sum of columns 3, 4, and 8 of table III.B1 in the 1989 benchmark survey publication. 2. Comparable to the sum of columns 13 and 14 of table III.B1 in the 1989 benchmark survey publication. Table III.C1: 1. This item includes total owners' equity of those unincorporated affiliates for which detail on equity by type could not be provided. For these affiliates, cumulative retained earnings--which are an internal, not an external, source of funds--and translation adjustments were not reported separately and could not be excluded. 2. For all industries combined and for each of the selected industries shown, data in column 2 of this line--position with all transactors combined--equals column 11 of table III.B3-4. Tables III.D1, III.D2, and III.D3: 1. Includes the net book value of "transfers in" of property, plant, and equipment. For a given affiliate, "transfers in" are from its U.S. parent or from other foreign affiliates of its U.S. parent. 2. Includes restatements resulting from a change in the entity and revaluations of property, plant, and equipment to a fair market or appraised value. Table III.D6: 1. See footnote 1 to table III.D1. Tables III.E1, III.E2, and III.E8: 1. Consists of gains (losses), net of income tax effects, resulting from (1) the sale, disposition, or revaluation of assets; (2) the remeasurement of the foreign affiliates' assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies other than the affiliate's functional currency, to reflect changes in exchange rates during the period; (3) transaction gains (losses) taken to income in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 52; and (4) all other realized and unrealized gains (losses), that under GAAP are to be included in income. 2. Consists of unrealized gains (losses), net of income tax effects, that under GAAP are not included in the determination of net income. Table III.F1: 1. Includes sales to the U.S. parent and its foreign affiliates; equals the sum of columns 5 and 8. 2. Sales charged by an affiliate to persons in the country where the affiliate is located. 3. "Other" foreign countries are foreign countries other than the country where the affiliate is located. 4. See footnote 1 to table II.O1. 5. See footnote 2 to table II.O1. 6. See footnote 3 to table II.O1. Tables III.F2 and III.F3: 1. See footnote 1 to table III.F1. 2. See footnote 2 to table III.F1. 3. See footnote 3 to table III.F1. Table III.F7: 1. See footnote 2 to table III.F1. Table III.F9: 1. See footnote 1 to table III.F1. 2. See footnote 2 to table III.F1. 3. See footnote 3 to table III.F1. Tables III.F13 and III.F14: 1. See footnote 1 to table II.O1. 2. See footnote 1 to table III.F1. 3. See footnote 2 to table III.F1. 4. See footnote 3 to table III.F1. Table III.F16: 1. See footnote 1 to table II.O1. Tables III.F17 and III.F18: 1. See footnote 2 to table II.O1. 2. See footnote 1 to table III.F1. 3. See footnote 2 to table III.F1. 4. See footnote 3 to table III.F1. Tables III.F20 and III.F22: 1. See footnote 2 to table II.O1. Table III.F24: 1. For industry classification, each foreign affiliate was required to disaggregate its sales by three-digit International Surveys Industry code; the affiliate was then classified in the industry in which its sales were largest. When sales are disaggregated by industry of affiliate, total sales of a given affiliate are shown in the single industry in which the affiliate was classified; when disaggregated by industry of sales, they are distributed among all the industries in which the affiliate reported sales--i.e., sales associated with each industry of sales are shown in that industry regardless of the affiliate's industry of classification. 2. In the breakdown of foreign affiliates' sales by industry of sales, only the five largest sales categories had to be specified. If an affiliate had sales in more than five industries, the distribution of its sales in the specified industries would have covered less than 100 percent of its total sales. Sales in all unspecified industries combined are shown in this column. Table III.H14 and III.H15: 1. Capital goods and other equipment charged to the fixed asset account. Tables III.I1, III.I2, and III.I5: 1. Includes research and development performed for U.S. parents under contract. Tables III.K1, III.K2, and III.K5: 1. Profit-type return is an economic accounting measure of profits from current production. It is equal to net income plus foreign income taxes minus income from equity investments minus capital gains (losses) plus depletion. 2. See footnote 2 to table II.T1. 3. Equals taxes other than income and payroll taxes plus production royalty payments to governments less subsidies received.